Peculiarities of small unmanned aerial vehicles detection and recognition

Review and analysis of methods for detection and recognition of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are conducted. The channels for the detection of UAVs - acoustic, optical, radar, infrared, radio channel are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the channels used are compared and appreciated. In the case of small UAVs, there are a number of significant difficulties and limitations. One of the directions in the UAVs detection is acoustic observation. The noise generated by the UAV propulsion system and the air propeller is a significant demasking feature. Creating and improving methods for detecting, guiding and recognizing small UAVs by the reception and processing their sound signals is an urgent task. When using such a method of detecting UAVs, frequency spectra, spectrograms, normalized autocorrelation functions, and phase portraits of acoustic signals are used. Estimates of spectral coefficients, determined by a discrete realization containing a predetermined number of samples, as well as parameters of autoregression models can serve as information signs of the UAVs sound image.