Role of sirtuins in obesity

The present enumerates the intrinsic role of sirtuins in the treatment of obesity and related complications. Various approaches have been made to reduce the progression of obesity and its associated disorders as it threatens the public health globally. Sirtuins (silent information regulator) is a conserved mammalian (nicotinamide adenine nucleotide) NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase considered as promising target for treating various diseases e.g., cancer and neurodegenerative disorder. It consist of seven types of sirtuins including SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT4, SIRT5, SIRT6, SIRT7, out which SIRT1 sirtuins emerged out as putative molecule in the treatment of obesity and act as metabolic sensor of glucose and lipids in liver by using short carbon fragment viz. acetyl coenzyme A. It play key roles in regulation of gene expression, aging, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, mobilization of stored fat, formation of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue, mediate inflammatory responses in macrophage. Additionally, SIRT1 regulate adipokines expression, act as therapeutic target for type II diabetes mellitus, deacetylates histone proteins inhibit the factors required for maturation of cells. Alteration in the above physiological processes result in the development of obesity and obesity related disorder, so SIRT1 is emerged out as therapeutic molecule for the prevention of obesity. This review demonstrates the use of sirtuins as a potent agent in the treatment of obesity and the current status focus on the therapeutic potential of sirtuins in prevention of excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue.