Embryology, Teratology TORCH

Teratology is the study of congenital abnormalities, their causes, and the treatment options available for those affected. These abnormalities are principally the result of infections, physical agents, metabolic conditions or chemicals and can cause death as well as physical, behavioral, and intellectual deficits. The most widely accepted infectious teratogens are known as TORCH infections. If a woman is infected prenatally, perinatally, peripartum, or even postnatally, these pathogens are known to cause congenital birth defects.TORCH infections classically include: Toxoplasmosis Other Infections (Varicella, syphilis and Parvovirus B19) Rubella Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Herpes simplex virus (HSV) TORCH infections have also been known to include Treponema pallidum, Hepatitis viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).