色氨酸
色胺
血清素
犬尿氨酸
犬尿氨酸途径
生物
新陈代谢
单胺类神经递质
肠道菌群
神经递质
色氨酸羟化酶
内分泌学
生物化学
中枢神经系统
5-羟色胺能
氨基酸
受体
作者
Ka Gao,Chunlong Mu,Aitak Farzi,Weiyun Zhu
出处
期刊:Advances in Nutrition
[Oxford University Press]
日期:2020-05-01
卷期号:11 (3): 709-723
被引量:352
标识
DOI:10.1093/advances/nmz127
摘要
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bilateral communication network between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. The essential amino acid tryptophan contributes to the normal growth and health of both animals and humans and, importantly, exerts modulatory functions at multiple levels of the GBA. Tryptophan is the sole precursor of serotonin, which is a key monoamine neurotransmitter participating in the modulation of central neurotransmission and enteric physiological function. In addition, tryptophan can be metabolized into kynurenine, tryptamine, and indole, thereby modulating neuroendocrine and intestinal immune responses. The gut microbial influence on tryptophan metabolism emerges as an important driving force in modulating tryptophan metabolism. Here, we focus on the potential role of tryptophan metabolism in the modulation of brain function by the gut microbiota. We start by outlining existing knowledge on tryptophan metabolism, including serotonin synthesis and degradation pathways of the host, and summarize recent advances in demonstrating the influence of the gut microbiota on tryptophan metabolism. The latest evidence revealing those mechanisms by which the gut microbiota modulates tryptophan metabolism, with subsequent effects on brain function, is reviewed. Finally, the potential modulation of intestinal tryptophan metabolism as a therapeutic option for brain and GI functional disorders is also discussed.
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