Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis

生物炭 原材料 热解 吸附 碳化 吸附 碳纤维 化学 比表面积 环境化学 化学工程 材料科学 有机化学 工程类 复合材料 复合数 催化作用
作者
Masud Hassan,Yanju Liu,Ravi Naidu,Sanjai J. Parikh,Jianhua Du,Fangjie Qi,Ian R. Willett
出处
期刊:Science of The Total Environment [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:744: 140714-140714 被引量:423
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140714
摘要

Biochar is a porous, amorphous, stable, and low-density carbon material derived from the carbonization of various biological residues. Biochars have multifunctional properties that make them promising adsorbents for the remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water. High temperature treatment (HTT) and the properties of feedstocks are key factors influencing the properties of biochars. Feedstocks have distinctive physicochemical properties due to variations in elemental and structural composition, and they respond heterogeneously to specific pyrolysis conditions. The criteria for the selection of feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions for designing biochars for specific sorption properties are inadequately understood. We evaluated the influence of pyrolysis temperature on a wide range of feedstocks to investigate their effects on biochar properties. With increasing HTT, biochar pH, surface area, pore size, ash content, hydrophobicity and O/C vs. H/C (ratios that denote stability) increased, whereas, hydrophilicity, yield of biochar, O/C, and H/C decreased. Discriminant analysis of data from 533 published datasets revealed that biochar derived from hardwood (HBC) and softwood generally have greater surface area and carbon content, but lower content of oxygen and mineral constituents, than manure- (MBC) and grass-derived biochars (GBC). GBC and MBC have abundant oxygen-containing functional groups than SBC and HBC. The sequence of stability and aromaticity of feedstocks was MBC < GBC < SBC < HBC. Therefore, SBC and HBC are suitable for sorption of hydrophobic molecules. Biochars produced from low HTT are suitable for removal of ionic contaminants, whereas those produced at high HTT are suitable for removal of organic contaminants. The influences of biochar properties on sorption performance of heavy metals and organic contaminants are critically reviewed.
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