Important contributions of multidimensional nanoadditives on the tribofilms: From formation mechanism to tribological behaviors

Nanomaterials have garnered significant interests owing to their attractive tribological potentials. Although numerous investigations pertaining to nano-reinforced composites have been conducted, the critical interactions between multidimensional nanoadditives and tribofilms are yet to be reviewed comprehensively. This review critically examines the current state of multidimensional nanomaterials that serve as functional additives in tribology. After brief discussion on major characteristics of multidimensional nanoadditives, the formation mechanisms of a tribofilm under the solid/liquid lubrication states are elaborated, and the functions of multidimensional nanoadditives are discussed. Additionally, concise conclusions regarding the formation mechanism and influencing factors of nano-tribofilms under solid/liquid lubrications are provided. The current challenges and prospects are presented such that the understanding of nano-tribology can be further intensified and their practical applications diversified.