The concept analysis of smart teaching

To explore the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences and identify the approximate concepts of smart teaching.A concept analysis of smart teaching informed by Walker and Avant's classical concept analysis method.Major databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang Data, VIP Database, Web of Science, PubMed, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore Digital Library, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, Educational Resources Information Center, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched.The search strategy yielded 5407 papers. Screening for inclusion resulted in a review of 32 articles.Five attributes of smart teaching were identified as the participating groups, teaching process, teaching forms, components, and characteristics. Additionally, two antecedents were clarified: smart education philosophy and smart teaching environments. Finally, the consequences of smart teaching were identified as the generation and development of the wisdom of teachers and learners.The conceptual attributes of smart teaching align with the characteristics of current teaching practice, which can provide conceptual support for theoretical and practical research on smart teaching and are of great significance for clarifying concepts, constructing theories, and promoting education and teaching reform.