下巴
医学
下颌骨(节肢动物口器)
面部骨骼
口腔正畸科
牙科
解剖
植物
生物
属
作者
David M. Straughan,Michael J. Yaremchuk
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cps.2021.12.004
摘要
The size and shape of the chin and mandible are fundamental to sexual dimorphism. Deficiencies in these structures distract from the male facial esthetic. When deficient, these areas of the facial skeleton can be augmented by alloplastic augmentation or skeletal rearrangement. This article discusses these alternatives with emphasis on the design and techniques of alloplastic skeletal augmentation.
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