Perovskite solar cells enhancement by CZTS based hole transport layer

Perovskite solar cell is one of the new generation solar cell types that has attracted the attention of many researchers. Therefore, a lot of researches have been done to increase their efficiency and lifespan. One of the ways to increase the efficiency and stability of a Perovskite solar cell is introducing an alternative hole transport (HTL) material such as Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). The methods which have been used to enhance the solar cell efficiency include utilizing poly (4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) material between hole transport layer and perovskite layer, and inserting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) between CZTS layer as HTL. By using the methods mentioned above, increasing solar cell current density (Jsc) from 17.95 mA.cm−2 to 20.7 mA.cm−2 and the open circuit voltage (Voc) of solar cell from 0.95 V to 1.06 V were observed. Average measured Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of the fabricated Perovskite solar cell was 16.52%. Solar cell stability was significantly increased due to utilizing CNT webs, which have anti-water properties, between the CZTS nano materials that maintained approximately 97% of the performance at the room temperature and 45–50% moisture after four weeks.