Review of Capacity Fade Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Degradation in lithium-ion batteries occur mainly due to the loss of cyclable lithium and loss of active material in the electrodes. 1 The lifetime of a battery is limited by the reduction in capacity as the battery is cycled, which can occur through mechanisms such as formation and growth of the solid interface layer (SEI), electrolyte decomposition, dissolution of transition metals at the cathode, lithium deposition at the anode, and porosity changes. 2 , 3 While there are many physics-based degradation models that exist in the literature, the ability to accurately predict capacity and power fade over many cycles is limited. This is because not all capacity fade mechanisms are well understood or incorporated in a single model, and a wide range of parameters and different operating conditions make it difficult to arrive at a consistent model. 2 , 4 In this study, we look at SEI models in the literature such as Ramadass’ kinetically limited model, 5 Ploehn’s diffusion limited model, 6 and Safari’s mixed model, 7 and apply them to the single particle model (SPM). Mechanisms proposed by Lin 8 and Delacourt 4 that model side reactions at the cathode will also be explored. We look at the effects of charging/discharging rates and depth of discharge on the degradation during cycling, and the effects of temperature and state of charge on degradation during storage. We will also analyze how predicted degradation changes for different parameter ranges. A rubric of qualitative trends that have been observed experimentally will be used to determine the consistency of existing models. References P. Arora, R. E. White, and M. Doyle, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 145 , 3647–3667 (1998). V. Ramadesigan, K. Chen, N. A. Burns, V. Boovaragavan, R. D. Braatz, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 158 , A1048–A1054 (2011). X. G. Yang, Y. Leng, G. Zhang, S. Ge, and C. Y. Wang, J. Power Sources , 360 , 28–40 (2017). C. Delacourt and M. Safari, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 159 , A1283–A1291 (2012). P. Ramadass, B. Haran, R. White, and B. N. Popov, J. Power Sources , 123 , 230–240 (2003). H. J. Ploehn, P. Ramadass, and R. E. White, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 151 , A456–A462 (2004). M. Safari, M. Morcrette, A. Teyssot, and C. Delacourt, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 156 , A145–A153 (2009). X. Lin, J. Park, L. Liu, Y. Lee, A. M. Sastry, and W. Lu, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 160 , A1701–A1710 (2013).