PyFREC 2.0: Software for excitation energy transfer modeling

Abstract Excitation energy transfer is a ubiquitous process of fundamental importance for understanding natural phenomena, such as photosynthesis, as well as advancing technologies ranging from photovoltaics to development of photosensitizers and fluorescent probes used to explore molecular interactions inside living cells. The current version of PyFREC 2.0 is an advancement of the previously reported software (D. Kosenkov, J. Comput. Chem. 2016 , 37, 1847–1854). The current update is primarily focused on providing a computational tool based on Förster theory for bridging a gap between theoretically calculated molecular properties (e.g., electronic couplings, orientation factors, etc.) and experimentally measured emission and absorption spectra of molecules. The software is aimed to facilitate deeper understanding of photochemical mechanisms of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in donor–acceptor pairs. Specific updates of the software include implementations of overlap integrals between donor emission and acceptor absorption spectra of FRET pairs, estimation of Strickler–Berg fluorescence lifetimes, calculation of Förster radii, energy transfer efficiency, and radiation zones that, in particular, determine applicability of the Förster theory.