Biological responses of human bone mesenchymal stem cells to Ti and TiZr implant materials

Abstract Background Titanium‐zirconium alloy (TiZr1317) is a new material used for biological implants. There are several studies on the effects of TiZr implants on the biological characteristics of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological responses of hBMSCs to implant holes affected by the physicochemical properties of oral implants (Ti SLA , Ti SLActive , TiZr SLA , and TiZr SLActive ). Materials and Methods Grade 4 Ti and TiZr (13‐17% Zr) substrates were modified by sand‐blasted large‐grit acid‐etched (SLA) or hydrophilic sand‐blasted large‐grit acid‐etched (SLActive), resulting in four types of surface with complex microstructures corresponding to the commercially‐available implants SLA, RoxolidSLA, SLActive, and RoxolidSLActive (Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland). Physicochemical properties were detected and the biological responses of hBMSCs were observed. Results Surface morphology characterization by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed differences between the four groups. SLA ctive had higher surface energy/wettability than SLA, indicating that increased surface energy/wettability can promote the absorption of osteogenic proteins and enhance osseointegration. hBMSCs seeded on SLActive substrates exhibited better performance in terms of cell attachment, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation than cells seeded on SLA. Conclusion Because of their more suitable physicochemical properties, Ti SLActive and TiZr SLActive materials demonstrated more pronounced effects on the biological responses of hBMSCs compared with Ti SLA and TiZr SLA .