An on-line database for human milk composition in China.

Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. However, nationwide human milk composition remains unavailable in China.Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators.A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. About 2,000 samples were randomly selected for 24 mineral analyses. Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. Amino acids (~800) and proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) were analyzed. In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis.A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line.背景和目的：了解母乳成分对确定婴儿和乳母的营养素推荐摄入量（RNIs） 至关重要。然而，我国仍然缺少全国性的母乳成分。方法和研究设计：采用 横断面调查方法，采集了11 个省市自治区的母乳样品，分析其营养成分。通 过问卷调查、体格检查和生化指标评价乳母及其婴儿的营养与健康状况。结 果：总共采集了6,481 份母乳样品，包括初乳（1,859）、过渡乳（1,235）和 成熟乳（3,387）。使用母乳成分分析仪测定了超过4,500 份母乳样品的蛋白 质、脂肪、乳糖、总固体和能量；随机选择2,000 余份样品测定了24 种矿物 质含量；测定了1,800 份样品中游离B 族维生素，包括硫胺素、核黄素、吡哆 醇、吡哆胺、吡哆醛、尼克酰胺、尼克酸、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）、 生物素和泛酸；分析了约800 份母乳样品的氨基酸和蛋白质及不同蛋白质组份 （α-乳白蛋白、β-酪蛋白和乳铁蛋白）的含量。此外，还测定了1,200-2,000 例提供乳汁的乳母血清视黄醇和类胡萝卜素组份、25(OH)D、维生素B-12、叶 酸、铁蛋白和生化指标。正在进行的工作：分析800-1,200 份母乳的脂肪酸 （C4-C24）、脂溶性维生素和类胡萝卜素组份的含量。结论：建立区域性母 乳成分数据库的工作处在进展阶段，最终努力建成在线可利用的母乳成分数据 库。.