10.2 A digitally controlled 94.8%-peak-efficiency hybrid switched-capacitor converter for bidirectional balancing and impedance-based diagnostics of lithium-ion battery arrays

This work builds on previous 3-level, and resonant SC (ReSC) converters by integrating capabilities for quasi-resonant regulation, accurate voltage and current instrumentation, and fully-digital bidirectional control with zero-current detection. The IC also has capabilities to operate as a perturbation source for impedance-based electrochemical diagnostics through integrated digital waveform synthesis, data conversion, and signal conditioning. A technique, termed merged-multiphase interleaving, is used to affect the benefits of 2-phase interleaving with only a single inductor, significantly reducing the volume or area needed for passive components.