Mechanochemistry: A Power Tool for Green Synthesis

Mechanochemistry has gained significant interest as a powerful, more sustainable, timesaving, environmentally friendly, and more economical synthesis method to prepare new functional materials. This method depends on the chemical and physicochemical transformations through mechanical force forming by grinding and milling. This study is a systematic review of the history, principles, mechanisms, and kinetics of mechanochemistry. The effects of mechanochemical synthesis parameters (milling types, materials, size, time, temperature, atmosphere, revolution speed, frequency, ball/powder weight ratio, filling ratio, process control agents) were detailed explained. The current researches about the mechanochemical synthesis of co-crystals, inorganic materials, metal–organic frameworks, porous organic materials, and polymers, their respective characteristics, challenges, and future improvements were briefly discussed.