Credit-Based Pricing and Planning Strategies for Hydrogen and Electricity Energy Storage Sharing

With the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable resources, the energy demand is more fluctuating. Thus, the concept of energy sharing is brought up to smooth the energy demand of the prosumers and to ensure system stability. In this paper, a two-stage credit-based sharing model between the coordinator who manages the shared energy storage system (ESS) and the prosumers who borrow the capacity and energy from the coordinator is presented. Both capacity and energy sharing are integrated via the proposed credit-based sharing model. As for energy sharing, two forms of energy are considered: electricity and hydrogen. In addition, both cost-based and demand-based pricing strategies are introduced to customize the sharing prices so that the coordinator can obtain larger net profits and the prosumers can reduce their energy purchase costs. According to the simulation results, the proposed model is beneficial for both the coordinator and the prosumers. For the coordinator, the net profits can be enhanced, and the storage usage efficiency has been increased from an average of 39% to 62% compared with the conventional model. From the perspective of the prosumers, the self-sufficiency ratio and the willingness-to-participate ratio are increased by 14.5% and 20%, respectively, compared with that under the conventional model. Moreover, it is cost-saving for the prosumers to participate in the credit-based sharing process.