Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate in the Presence of Zeolite: Process Efficiency and Composite Properties

沼渣 沸石 水热碳化 材料科学 碳化 化学工程 吸附 碳纤维 热重分析 催化作用 化学 复合数 有机化学 甲烷 复合材料 厌氧消化 工程类
作者
Jan Mumme,Maria‐Magdalena Titirici,Anke Pfeiffer,Ulf Lüder,M. Toufiq Reza,Ondřej Mašek
出处
期刊:ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:3 (11): 2967-2974 被引量:62
标识
DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00943
摘要

A systematic experimental study on hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of digestate was conducted to evaluate the catalytic impact of natural zeolite and the properties of the produced hydrochar–zeolite composites (HZCs). An agricultural digestate and, as reference, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were treated at HTC temperatures of 190, 230, and 270 °C. HZCs were analyzed for their elemental composition, NMR structural properties, thermogravimetric behavior, N2 adsorption porosity, and scanning electron microscopy morphology. The results indicate distinct catalytic effects of zeolite on carbonization. For digestate, catalytic effects of zeolite increased the degree of carbonization equally to a 9–29 K higher HTC temperature. Zeolite increased the energy and carbon recovery in solid products for digestate, whereas MCC showed a lower recovery. Interestingly, zeolite preserved the cellulose fraction of digestate. This was attributed to physical and chemical shielding by formation of a visible zeolite layer on organic particles. Compared to pure hydrochar, the HZCs showed less aromatic and thermally stable carbon but higher surface area and pore volume. Potential areas of applications for the HZCs range from energetic use (e.g., gasification) to soil amendment and additive in bioprocesses (e.g., growing media).
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