Three-phase interface-assisted advanced electrochemistry-related applications

Summary Taking advantage of gas/liquid/solid three-phase interfaces (TPIs), electrodes with superior performance have been prepared due to the effective transport of gaseous reactants and suitable mediation of local interface environments in electrochemical reactions that involve gases. Strategies that involve suitable pore structures, surface structures, and chemical composition, as well as novel electrode and reaction-system configurations, are commonly used to construct these electrodes. Here, representative electrochemical reactions that occur at TPIs are summarized systematically from the perspective of advanced electrochemistry-related applications. First, typical electrocatalytic reactions are discussed according to the mediation strategy, after which common fuel cells are introduced. Typical enzymatic reactions for the electrochemical detection are then discussed. Later, fabrication of materials with specific structures and synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals are introduced and substrates for anti-corrosion are briefly discussed, followed by introduction of general methods for constructing TPI-based electrodes. Finally, future opportunities and challenges associated with regulating these interfaces are presented.