Association predictions of genomics, proteinomics, transcriptomics, microbiome, metabolomics, pathomics, radiomics, drug, symptoms, environment factor, and disease networks: A comprehensive approach

Abstract Currently, the research of multi‐omics, such as genomics, proteinomics, transcriptomics, microbiome, metabolomics, pathomics, and radiomics, are hot spots. The relationship between multi‐omics data, drugs, and diseases has received extensive attention from researchers. At the same time, multi‐omics can effectively predict the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diseases. In essence, these research entities, such as genes, RNAs, proteins, microbes, metabolites, pathways as well as pathological and medical imaging data, can all be represented by the network at different levels. And some computer and biology scholars have tried to use computational methods to explore the potential relationships between biological entities. We summary a comprehensive research strategy, that is to build a multi‐omics heterogeneous network, covering multimodal data, and use the current popular computational methods to make predictions. In this study, we first introduce the calculation method of the similarity of biological entities at the data level, second discuss multimodal data fusion and methods of feature extraction. Finally, the challenges and opportunities at this stage are summarized. Some scholars have used such a framework to calculate and predict. We also summarize them and discuss the challenges. We hope that our review could help scholars who are interested in the field of bioinformatics, biomedical image, and computer research.