Models in work and health research: the JDC(S), ERI and JD-R frameworks

The chapter discusses three major models that in the past two decades have guided much of the research on the associations between work and health: Karasek's job demands-control(-support) model, Siegrist's effort–reward imbalance model, and Demerouti and Bakker's job demands-resources model. We discuss the origins, assumptions, revisions and extensions as well as the evidence for and limitations of these three models. The chapter concludes with a short discussion of the similarities and differences of the models.