Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit

凝聚态物理 磁性 范德瓦尔斯力 铁磁性 材料科学 单层 伊辛模型 自旋(空气动力学) 物理 纳米技术 量子力学 分子 热力学
作者
Bevin Huang,Genevieve Clark,Efrén Navarro‐Moratalla,Dahlia Klein,Ran Cheng,Kyle L. Seyler,Ding Zhong,Emma Schmidgall,Michael A. McGuire,David Cobden,Wang Yao,Di Xiao,Pablo Jarillo‐Herrero,Xiaodong Xu
出处
期刊:Nature [Nature Portfolio]
卷期号:546 (7657): 270-273 被引量:4936
标识
DOI:10.1038/nature22391
摘要

Since the celebrated discovery of graphene, the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials has grown to encompass a broad range of electronic properties. Recent additions include spin-valley coupled semiconductors, Ising superconductors that can be tuned into a quantum metal, possible Mott insulators with tunable charge-density waves, and topological semi-metals with edge transport. Despite this progress, there is still no 2D crystal with intrinsic magnetism, which would be useful for many technologies such as sensing, information, and data storage. Theoretically, magnetic order is prohibited in the 2D isotropic Heisenberg model at finite temperatures by the Mermin-Wagner theorem. However, magnetic anisotropy removes this restriction and enables, for instance, the occurrence of 2D Ising ferromagnetism. Here, we use magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopy to demonstrate that monolayer chromium triiodide (CrI3) is an Ising ferromagnet with out-of-plane spin orientation. Its Curie temperature of 45 K is only slightly lower than the 61 K of the bulk crystal, consistent with a weak interlayer coupling. Moreover, our studies suggest a layer-dependent magnetic phase transition, showcasing the hallmark thickness-dependent physical properties typical of van der Waals crystals. Remarkably, bilayer CrI3 displays suppressed magnetization with a metamagnetic effect, while in trilayer the interlayer ferromagnetism observed in the bulk crystal is restored. Our work creates opportunities for studying magnetism by harnessing the unique features of atomically-thin materials, such as electrical control for realizing magnetoelectronics, and van der Waals engineering for novel interface phenomena.
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