Autofluorescence-free chemo/biosensing in complex matrixes based on persistent luminescence nanoparticles

Abstract Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs), also called long-lasting afterglow nanoparticles, are magical materials that can emit long-lasting luminescence after excitation ceases. Moreover, the luminescence can be reactivated under appropriate excitation light. Such excellent optical nature enables the detection of persistent luminescence with no need for in-situ continuous excitation, thereby effectively eliminating autofluorescence interference and scattering light from complex matrixes. PLNPs, therefore, have become emerging optical materials in biological applications with bright prospect. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in autofluorescence-free chemo/biosensing, and highlight the design strategies of PLNPs-based sensors. In addition, we also make perspective on opportunities and challenges for further development in this field.