硝酸
化学
溶解
水溶液
溶解度
平衡常数
氮气
无机化学
化学反应
亚硝酸
相(物质)
热力学
物理化学
有机化学
物理
作者
Stephen E. Schwartz,W. H. White
摘要
A mutually consistent set of free energies of formation has been presented for the gaseous species NO, NO/sub 2/, N/sub 2/O/sub 3/, N/sub 2/O/sub 4/, N/sub 2/O/sub 5/, HNO/sub 2/, and HNO/sub 3/, aqueous nitrous and nitric acid (in both ionized and nonionized forms) and water. Equilibrium constants are presented for gas-phase and mixed-phase reactions coupling these species. With the exception of reactions involving N/sub 2/O/sub 5/, which were not examined, comparisons with measured data indicate agreement generally within a few percent, although departure by as great as a factor of two was found in a few instances. Although comparatively little information is available concerning equilibria involving the aquated nitrogen oxides NO/sub 2/, N/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and N/sub 2/O/sub 4/, there is a rather high degree of consistency in these data. Examination of these equilibria has led to recommended values for the Henry's-law constants of these gases with uncertainties of 30 to 50%. Dissolution of NO/sub 2/ by reaction with O/sub 2/, O/sub 3/, or H/sub 2/O to form nitric acid is also considered. These reactions are characterized by large equilibrium constants and thus may be significant pathways for the reactive dissolution of NO/sub 2/.
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