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Loop Antennas for Accurate Calibration of OTA Measurement Systems: Review, Challenges, and Solutions

全向天线 环形天线 偶极子天线 天线测量 辐射模式 电子工程 定向天线 消声室 计算机科学 天线(收音机) 可重构天线 工程类 电气工程 同轴天线 电信
作者
Yuming Zheng,Bin Lin,Francesco de Paulis,Mike Violette,Xiaoning Ye,Yihong Qi
出处
期刊:IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]
卷期号:71: 1-13 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1109/tim.2022.3196441
摘要

The E-field and H-field standard antennas are commonly used for calibration of measurement systems in various test applications. The standard H-field antenna is a horizontally polarized omnidirectional probe antenna, with its radiated electromagnetic field being like that of an ideal virtual magnetic dipole. A H-field antenna is physically realized by a consistent current loop fed through a coaxial cable, thus is often referred to loop antenna. This review paper offers a careful description of all aspects involved in the design of a loop calibration antenna; specifically, the concept of a calibration loop antenna is introduced, the state of the art and the recent advances of loop antenna designs and performances are reviewed. The design of a calibration loop antenna needs to take into account comprehensive indicators such as gain ripple, common mode current, cross polarization, impedance matching and radiation pattern. A design of this type of calibration antenna is a challenging task since all the above aspects need to be taken into account simultaneously to find the best trade-off among them. In the context of the example calibration loop antennas, the techniques to improve the bandwidth, the performance of omnidirectional radiation and the effects of suppressing common-mode current are discussed, which provides new ideas for the design of calibration loop antennas. Finally, the principles and steps of the horizontal polarization calibration in the multi-probe anechoic chamber is introduced and discussed; the errors caused by the common mode current to the calibration results are evaluated through calibration examples to demonstrate the relevant impact of a well-designed loop antenna for the accurate calibration of a multi-probe measurement system, and the subsequent precise evaluation of the performances of the antenna under test (AUT).

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