Metal–Organic Framework-based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

The need for sustainable energy and environmental remediation has become crucial due to the exponential increase in the human population and industrialization. The exploitation of fossil fuels has led to significant carbon emissions. To address this, photocatalysis is considered to be a promising and cost-effective viable technique for harnessing solar energy as chemical energy, such as for photocatalytic hydrogen production as an energy carrier. In particular, metal–organic framework (MOF) photocatalysts have gained considerable attention for hydrogen production due to their unique crystalline structure, higher surface area, and more light absorption sites, which in turn enhance the photocatalytic performance efficiently. Herein, we highlight some fundamental synthesis rules and key points of MOF-based photocatalytic systems, with their advantages and classifications and their emerging trends and efficiency for photocatalytic H2 production. Finally, we will discuss the future prospects based on our literature survey.