Gut Microbiota-Mediated Degradation of Food-Grade Lambda-Carrageenan by Bacteroides xylanisolvens and Its Role in Inflammation

炎症 拟杆菌 肠道菌群 背景(考古学) 卡拉胶 食品科学 化学 细菌 微生物学 生物 免疫学 生物化学 遗传学 古生物学
作者
Yanhui Han,Xiaojing Guo,Pongpol Thanuphol,Ruya Ji,Zhenjun Zhu,Yanyan Wu,Hengjun Du,Hang Xiao
出处
期刊:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry [American Chemical Society]
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c10159
摘要

Concerns about the safety of food additives have intensified among consumers, scientists, and policymakers. Ensuring the safety of these additives is crucial to public health. Carrageenan (CGN), a common additive in the food industry, has become the subject of controversy, particularly regarding whether it can be degraded in the gastrointestinal tract, forming degraded carrageenans (dCGNs) that may pose health risks. This study is among the first to identify Bacteroides xylanisolvens C3 as a key gut bacterium involved in the degradation of food-grade lambda-CGN (L-CGN). Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and metabolic analysis, we confirmed the ability of this bacterium to degrade L-CGN. Importantly, we found that the microbiota-generated dCGNs significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) and COX-2 production and upregulated pro-inflammatory genes, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, in macrophages. This study also highlights how microbial degradation of L-CGN can drive inflammation, particularly through the activation of the Nrf2 and NLRP3 pathways. These results suggest that microbial degradation of L-CGN in the gut may contribute to inflammation, underscoring the need to better understand microbial interactions with food-grade L-CGN, particularly in the context of colon health and inflammation-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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