The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation and Basic Psychological Needs: Association Between Childhood Trauma and Young Adults’ Psychological Functioning from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective

Numerous studies have shown the detrimental effects of childhood trauma on individuals' psychological functioning. This study examined the relation from childhood traumatic experiences to dissociation, life satisfaction, and attitude toward seeking psychological help while additionally shedding light on the possible mediating role of emotion regulation and basic psychological needs based on the framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 489 Italian young adults (Mage = 23.63, SDage = 3.53, 68.7% female) through an online survey. Findings indicated positive associations between childhood trauma and emotion dysregulation, suppression, need frustration, and dissociation. In contrast, negative associations were found with emotion integration, need satisfaction, life satisfaction, and attitude toward seeking psychological help. Structural equation modeling analysis supported the hypothesized indirect associations, suggesting that childhood trauma is indirectly associated with 1) higher levels of dissociation through increased emotion dysregulation, emotion suppression, and need frustration; 2) lower life satisfaction via higher emotion dysregulation and need frustration, as well as diminished need satisfaction and emotion integration; and 3) less positive attitude toward seeking psychological help by elevated emotion suppression and reduced emotion integration. These findings validate SDT as a potent framework for understanding the nuanced pathways from childhood trauma to adult psychological functioning, providing the groundwork for intervention development and a pathway for further exploration with clinical populations.