Bidirectional Crosstalk between the Heart and Brain in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder condition linked to various systemic comorbidities. Numerous studies have shown bidirectional crosstalk between the heart and the brain, but the specifics of how these interactions occur in AD are poorly understood. This narrative review summarizes the clinical evidence for a firm link between AD and cardiovascular health and discusses the bidirectional roles of AD and the cardiovascular system. AD pathogenic proteins, AD risk genes, neurohormones, the autonomic nervous system, and neurotransmitters may affect cardiovascular health, and cardiac-derived proteins, neurohormones, vascular function, inflammation, and other potential specific molecules or neural pathways may also influence AD pathology and cognitive function. Additionally, we propose potential AD intervention strategies based on the heart-brain axis to provide novel insights into AD prevention and treatment.