Application of engineered antibodies (scFvs and nanobodies) targeting pathological protein aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease

We reviewed the recent and specific targeting of pathological protein aggregates by scFvs and Nbs. These engineered antibodies can inhibit the aggregation or promote the disassembly of misfolded proteins by recognizing antigenic epitopes or through conformational specificity. Additionally, we discuss strategies for improving the effective application of engineered antibodies in treating AD. These technological strategies will lay the foundation for the clinical application of small-molecule antibody drugs in developing effective treatments for neurological diseases. Through rational application strategies, small-molecule engineered antibodies are expected to have significant potential in targeted therapy for neurological disorders.