Photoelectrochemical Technology for Solar Fuel: Green Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide Capture, and Ammonia Production

Abstract Photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology is a promising strategy that can directly convert sunlight into chemical energy. Direct solar water splitting through the PEC process is a desirable method for green hydrogen (H 2 ) production. This technology has also the potential to capture CO 2 and convert it into fuels using sunlight and water, besides converting N 2 and H 2 O to produce ammonia (NH 3 ), which acts as transportable H 2 storage. The cracking of NH 3 to produce H 2 can also be accomplished using PEC technology. Despite improved PEC performance having been shown, stability, efficiency, and scalability issues still need to be resolved. Even so, PEC technology has much potential as a clean and sustainable solution for addressing global energy and environmental challenges.