Progress and Prospects of Air Water Harvesting System for Remote Areas: A Comprehensive Review

Life is dependent on water. However, in terms of the potential effects, water scarcity is quickly emerging as one of the most critical problems in the world. To access more fresh water for drinking, sanitation, and irrigation, water can be harvested from different forms of water on earth. Atmospheric harvesting is the best alternative for producing fresh water for everyday life and reducing global water shortages. To date, many modern technologies have been introduced for this application, with several prototypes being demonstrated. Thus, this study explores the potential benefits of the current atmospheric water harvesting systems in terms of their modes, atmospheric conditions, and production rate and examines the key factors that affect the efficiency of atmospheric water harvesting, such as temperature and humidity. According to the studies, there has been a significant advancement in energy harvesting and conversion technology, along with atmospheric water harvesting, over the past few years, including new mechanisms and technical paths. However, there are still many obstacles; in particular, most of the technologies depend on outdoor conditions. In order to overcome this issue, new directions need to be investigated. Here, we discuss the principles, advantages, limitations, and potential applications of these technologies.