Hazard assessment model of ground subsidence coupling AHP, RS and GIS – A case study of Shanghai

Urban ground subsidence (GS) causes ground elevation loss, threatens the safe operation of various facilities, and affects surface runoff and hydrological circulation. Therefore, it is vital to monitor the current status of GS to predict and evaluate potential risks to sustainable urban development. Sentinel SAR images from 2019 to 2020 combined with the data from the 2019–2020 Statistical Yearbook were used as data sources. Based on PS-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR, GIS was integrated with the AHP method. A ground subsidence risk evaluation index (REI) suitable for Shanghai was developed regarding three aspects of the amount of accumulated land subsidence (RS obtained): subsidence rate, and terrain elevation. The vulnerability evaluation index (VEI) was established from five aspects: population density, GDP per unit area, the proportion of construction land, viaduct density, and metro density. We introduced the fuzzy AHP method to complete the risk assessment of ground subsidence in Shanghai and obtained the ground subsidence hazard index (GSHI). We used GIS superimposed remote sensing images to visualize the individual evaluation indicators REI, VEI, and GSHI. Using GIS superimposed remote sensing images, various evaluation indicators and GSHI were visualized. Based on the evaluation results, targeted prevention and control recommendations are provided. The results of this research can provide a basis for scientific decision-making regarding Shanghai’s territorial spatial planning and socio-economic development.