A Novel Controlling System for Smart Farming-based Internet of Things (IoT)

The integration of IoT systems in agriculture has become a very important need amid the high population and increasingly limited farmland, which demands researchers to be more innovative in addressing these issues. Using IoT systems for automatic irrigation, fertilization, and cooling based on sensor values through internet networks. Poor internet connection leads to the failure of automation and sustainability in online conditions, which can be very dangerous for plants. This paper presents a new IoT-based control system divided into two parts: an automation system and an IoT system, which can maintain sustainability in online conditions to ensure that plants in the planting area are always controlled. In addition, the sensors used have undergone calibration processes to determine the increase in precision of the sensor values produced. The research results show that the system can maintain sustainability under online conditions. Mobile apps are available for control when the system is online, but if it goes offline and is unable to reconnect, the Arduino Mega will fully manage control using soil moisture sensor values for irrigation processes if the values fall below a certain threshold. This demonstrates the sustainability of the system in online conditions, allowing continuous control and reducing the risk of plant death in the planting area. The calibration result shows an increase in precision for the air temperature and humidity (DHT 11 sensor) by 7.14 and 6.15, respectively. Additionally, the precision improvement for the soil pH sensor is 1.81, while for the soil moisture sensor and the water flow sensor, it is 0.13 and 0.008, respectively.