Recent and emerging trends of DNA/RNA hybridized COF nanoprobes for analytes detection and biomarkers imaging in clinical biomedicines

Natural nucleic acids can encode information, possess desired properties, and provide many advanced structures and functions which contain aptamers owning the ability to bind specific targets, and DNAzymes/ribozymes catalyzing specific reactions. Further, DNA and RNA treated as biomarkers in buffer or blood plasma have been also demonstrated. In this review, we provided an overall summary of the emerging trends for functional COF nanomaterials as biosensors in the synthesis, properties, and application in DNA/RNA detection. More importantly, the construction of DNA/RNA hybridized COF nanoprobes and their potential applications in bioanalyte detection, biosensing, biomarker imaging (DNA, Aptamer, miRNA, siRNA, ATP, Human insulin, Exosomes, Nanozyme), and clinical biomedicine (antibiotics, microenvironment-responsive drug release) were also summarized. In brief, this review describes the current state of research, highlights recent advancements, discusses challenges and limitations, and suggests future research directions for the COFs nanoprobes conjugating DNA/RNA.