A review of the oxidation behaviour of structural alloys in steam

氧化物材料科学冶金过热（电）合金奥氏体微观结构过热器锅炉（水暖）热力学量子力学物理

作者

I.G. Wright,R.B. Dooley

出处

期刊：International Materials Reviews [Taylor & Francis]
日期：2010-05-01 卷期号：55 (3): 129-167 被引量：304

标识

DOI：10.1179/095066010x12646898728165

摘要

The focus of this review is the state of knowledge of the oxidation behaviour in steam of alloys with potential for use as pressure parts in steam boilers. The rate of oxide growth on steam-touched surfaces and the characteristics of that oxide are of increasing interest as the quest for improvements in cycle efficiency leads to progressively higher operating temperatures and pressures. The consequences of increased rate of growth of these oxides are of concern because of implications for tube overheating and oxide exfoliation. Mitigation of such problems requires a mechanistic understanding of the influences of alloy composition and microstructure, and especially of the evolution with time of specific scale structures. Similarly, the relative effects of factors such as time, temperature and operating parameters must be understood. The oxidation behaviour of the class of ferritic steels that forms the bulk of the heat transfer surface in steam boilers is of particular importance since alloys in the range 9-12%Cr (% in alloy compositions signifies weight percentage, unless indicated otherwise) are close to a transition from oxidation behaviour based on relatively thick Fe-based scales to the formation of much thinner, Cr-rich oxides. For austenitic steels protective behaviour in steam depends critically on the rapid development of a continuous Cr-rich oxide layer, otherwise oxide growth rates similar to the ferritic steels may result. Understanding the interplay among compositional and microstructural requirements for strengthening and oxidation resistance, and their influence on the rate and mode of scale evolution is key to the most effective application of these alloys. The oxidation behaviour of high-temperature Ni-based alloys in steam has received relatively little attention, but the broad range of alloying additions considered, compared to austenitic steels, has the potential to contribute in different ways to the scale morphologies and oxidation behaviour. Underlying these interests is the apparently significant contribution to oxide growth in steam from inward transport of oxidant species that likely involve hydrogen. 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<div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709562361"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=Rdpdeo#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709562643"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nPb9dR">香蕉觅云</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=avPv5w#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709562927"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZemXBZ">科研通AI2S</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=zlylpj#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709562515"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=8DyDl8#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709561791"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZrVdJb">MchemG</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=avPvz6#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709561681"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=r848l6#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709558587"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZzyXBq">斯文败类</a>上传了<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=P80KXo">应助文件</a></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709552304"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=LNBEjD">清风拂山岗</a>发布了新的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=P80KXo">文献求助</a><span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709545606"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZemXBZ">科研通AI2S</a>上传了<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=j8wX1L">应助文件</a></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709534969"> <div class="sign"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-qiandao2"></i> <a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8yxb5X">外向易形</a>完成签到，获得积分<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>2分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709516347"> <div class="sign"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-qiandao2"></i> <a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=LNBEjD">清风拂山岗</a>完成签到，获得积分<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>3分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709510522"> <div class="sign"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-qiandao2"></i> <a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=84yPDx">amengptsd</a>完成签到，获得积分<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>3分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709497598"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=lm845Q#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZGAaB4">TheaGao</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>3分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709464286"> <div class="sign"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-qiandao2"></i> <a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=LpvG2l">严珍珍</a>完成签到 <i title="微信签到" class="layui-icon layui-icon-login-wechat"></i>，获得积分<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709442203"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=pB1ByG#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709442329"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZemXBZ">科研通AI2S</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=18A8z8#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709442911"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=LDYDJG#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709441452"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=94z4n5#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709441369"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=55M5wL#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709441682"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=Z7mAq2">yu</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=yMeMk5#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>150</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709430301"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>上传了<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=lm845Q">应助文件</a></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> <dd id="1743709424133"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZGAaB4">TheaGao</a>发布了新的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=lm845Q">文献求助</a><span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>4分钟前</div> </dd> </div> </dl> <dl class="fly-panel fly-list-one hot-assist"> <dt class="fly-panel-title">高分求助中 <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i></dt> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=VEW68R">Production Logging: Theoretical and Interpretive Elements</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>2700</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=xvy9WY">Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine Board Review</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1000</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=XPbM8Y">こんなに痛いのにどうして「なんでもない」と医者にいわれてしまうのでしょうか</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>510</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=71eBJQ">The First Nuclear Era: The Life and Times of a Technological Fixer</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>500</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=K1oN58">岡本唐貴自伝的回想画集</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>500</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=P8dzBk">Distinct Aggregation Behaviors and Rheological Responses of Two Terminally Functionalized Polyisoprenes with Different Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding Motifs</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>450</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=55EkJW">Ciprofol versus propofol for adult sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>400</span> </dd> </dl> <dl class="fly-panel fly-list-one hot-fields"> <dt class="fly-panel-title">热门求助领域 <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-note"></i>（近24小时）</dt> <div class="hot-fields-content"> <span title="Chemistry 热度：★★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">化学</span> <span title="Materials science 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">材料科学</span> <span title="Medicine 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">医学</span> <span title="Biology 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">生物</span> <span title="Engineering 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">工程类</span> <span title="Organic chemistry 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">有机化学</span> <span title="Physics 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">物理</span> <span title="Biochemistry 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">生物化学</span> <span title="Nanotechnology 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">纳米技术</span> <span title="Computer science 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">计算机科学</span> <span title="Chemical engineering 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">化学工程</span> <span title="Internal medicine 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">内科学</span> <span title="Composite material 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">复合材料</span> <span title="Physical chemistry 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">物理化学</span> <span title="Electrode 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">电极</span> <span title="Genetics 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">遗传学</span> <span title="Quantum mechanics 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">量子力学</span> <span title="Gene 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">基因</span> <span title="Metallurgy 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">冶金</span> <span title="Catalysis 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">催化作用</span> </div> </dl> <dl class="fly-panel fly-list-one hot-post"> <dt class="fly-panel-title">热门帖子 <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-dialogue"></i></dt> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=9VPm4b" target="_blank"><span style="color:#00F; font-weight:bold; font-size: 14px;"> 关注 <i style="color:#07C160;" class="layui-icon layui-icon-login-wechat"></i> 科研通微信公众号，转发送积分 <i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i></span></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 3671283</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=Pb63Qj" target="_blank"><span style="color:#F00; font-weight:bold; font-size: 14px;">求助须知：如何正确求助？哪些是违规求助？</span></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 3228138</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=NQKd7P" target="_blank"><font style="color:#c021df; font-weight:bold;font-size:18px !important">关于积分的说明</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 9778550</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=P7j5Qn" target="_blank"><font style="color:#00f; font-weight:bold;font-size:16px !important">捐赠科研通</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 2938378</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=9VP4Vw" target="_blank">什么是DOI，文献DOI怎么找？</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 1609975</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=Q9jRn7" target="_blank"><font style="color:#c021df; font-weight:bold;font-size:16px !important">邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 760503</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=1VrznV" target="_blank"><font style="color:#00f; font-weight:bold;">科研通“疑难数据库（出版商）”最低求助积分说明</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 735991</span> </dd> </dl> <div class="fly-panel fly-rank fly-rank-reply hot-assisters" id="LAY_replyRank"> <h3 class="fly-panel-title"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="layui-this hot-today" title="自今天零点开始">今日热心研友</a> <span title="查看说明" href="javascript:void(0);" class="rank-tips" style="cursor: pointer"><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-about"></i></span> </h3> <div class="hot-assisters-item hot-assisters-today"> <dl>  <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=ZrVdJb" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 1 今日热心度 93 　- 参与应助 4 次　- 获得积分 890"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/w7MGB_02Y1.png?v=xmJ7p4Qw"> <cite >MchemG</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>4</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>890</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LXxloL" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 2 今日热心度 89 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 890"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/a8a1a413e7763d4866f8073d4468fdc4.jpg?v=6nGObQNq9n"> <cite >Grayball</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>890</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Zb1aQl" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 3 今日热心度 74 　- 参与应助 11 次　- 获得积分 630"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/321366ba7550e0e7c847d07e45d0daeb.png?v=6nGOPpv5yn"> <cite >VDC</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>11</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>630</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z14Yln" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 4 今日热心度 61 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 610"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/qxbKn_05YZ.png?v=xJeNevqj"> <cite >迟大猫</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>610</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Lme4VQ" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 5 今日热心度 46 　- 参与应助 6 次　- 获得积分 400"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/wBnvp_0I4D.png?v=xVk3DL5L"> <cite >迷人秋烟</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>6</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>400</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=ngGpQb" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 6 今日热心度 39 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 390"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/waMQD_0PCC.png?v=Za684aaJ"> <cite >开心岩</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>390</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Lmp6Y8" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 7 今日热心度 24 　- 参与应助 5 次　- 获得积分 190"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/3230eafb790c64edbec69fe4931bafdc.png"> <cite >Kevin</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>5</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>190</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=8Yv1bP" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 8 今日热心度 22 　- 参与应助 2 次　- 获得积分 200"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/Zl7pv_03KI.png?v=ZQ3NBYe1"> <cite >高大凌寒</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>2</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>200</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z7mAq2" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 9 今日热心度 20 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 200"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/wN9DZ_052V.png?v=Za6LdLpb"> <cite >yu</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>200</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=nV3w2O" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 10 今日热心度 19 　- 参与应助 1 次　- 获得积分 180"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/ZbAoN_0AJJ.png?v=RqJ0LKod"> <cite >pcr163</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>1</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>180</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z6kJwm" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 11 今日热心度 19 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 190"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/2j3Oq_05D3.png?v=RM3QXpOv"> <cite >iNk</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>190</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LjgR9n" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 12 今日热心度 17 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 170"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/8db07009658c35c43c42c58006183bd1.png"> <cite >小白</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>170</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LN5oK1" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 13 今日热心度 17 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 170"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/Zyz8L_0RLB.png?v=ZrmwLYjX"> <cite >Chloe</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>170</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=851g5M" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 14 今日热心度 16 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 160"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/ZnGXl_0O5D.png?v=xlJaPL9V"> <cite >领导范儿</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>160</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=ZlOP7X" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 15 今日热心度 15 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 150"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/bd61d778097b628d47bba7eee2559c92.jpg?v=mloPaR35yA"> <cite >Deven</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>150</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LjVVo9" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 16 今日热心度 14 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 140"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/qkbGd_0GDU.png?v=ZQ3j7Q9w"> <cite >andrele</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>140</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z146mK" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 17 今日热心度 12 　- 参与应助 12 次　- 获得积分 0"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/879e8d0b990c7a4ce376239b65cb79d9.png?v=b82a"> <cite >QOP</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>12</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=ZrV5AX" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 18 今日热心度 12 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 120"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/2vomq_00W2.png?v=R1Ap2jkX"> <cite >归尘</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>120</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=894erm" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 19 今日热心度 12 　- 参与应助 2 次　- 获得积分 100"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/ZG6p9_0D8A.png?v=xmJDkKBN"> <cite >遇上就这样吧</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>2</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>100</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=nEY2Xn" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 20 今日热心度 11 　- 参与应助 11 次　- 获得积分 0"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/bb659e8ad6f55398859cdbfb984f5228.png"> <cite >三叔</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>11</span> </div> </a> </dd> </dl> <div style="margin-top:5px;font-size: 12px; padding-left: 20px; color: #999; ">注：热心度 = 本日应助数 + 本日被采纳获取积分÷10</div> </div> </div> <script> layui.use(['jquery','layer'], function() { var $ = layui.jquery, layer = layui.layer; 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