地质学
北极的
气候学
古近纪
北极海冰下降
海洋学
北极地球工程
大气科学
海冰
环境科学
北极冰盖
古生物学
流冰
构造盆地
作者
Appy Sluijs,Stefan Schouten,Mark Pagani,Martijn Woltering,Henk Brinkhuis,Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté,Gerald R. Dickens,Matthew Huber,Gert‐Jan Reichart,Rüdiger Stein,Jens Matthießen,Lucas Joost Lourens,Nikolai Pedentchouk,Jan Backman,Kathryn Moran
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2006-06-01
卷期号:441 (7093): 610-613
被引量:599
摘要
The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, approximately 55 million years ago, was a brief period of widespread, extreme climatic warming, that was associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input. Although aspects of the resulting environmental changes are well documented at low latitudes, no data were available to quantify simultaneous changes in the Arctic region. Here we identify the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum in a marine sedimentary sequence obtained during the Arctic Coring Expedition. We show that sea surface temperatures near the North Pole increased from 18 degrees C to over 23 degrees C during this event. Such warm values imply the absence of ice and thus exclude the influence of ice-albedo feedbacks on this Arctic warming. At the same time, sea level rose while anoxic and euxinic conditions developed in the ocean's bottom waters and photic zone, respectively. Increasing temperature and sea level match expectations based on palaeoclimate model simulations, but the absolute polar temperatures that we derive before, during and after the event are more than 10 degrees C warmer than those model-predicted. This suggests that higher-than-modern greenhouse gas concentrations must have operated in conjunction with other feedback mechanisms--perhaps polar stratospheric clouds or hurricane-induced ocean mixing--to amplify early Palaeogene polar temperatures.
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