Correlation of energy conversion efficiency and interface polarization in niobate glass-ceramic for energy-storage applications

The correlation between energy conversion efficiency and interface polarization was investigated according to the discharge performance and impedance spectroscopy as a function of annealing temperatures in BaO–Na2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 glass ceramic system. The experiment results show that the energy conversion efficiency strongly depends on the interface polarization. The annealing temperature dependence of the energy conversion efficiency is attributed to the variation of interfacial polarization, according to the results of complex impedance analysis.