The prognostic value of long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability on stroke in real-world practice: A dynamic cohort study in a large representative sample of Chinese hypertensive population

Background The prognostic significance of long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) has not yet been validated in “real world” hypertensive patients. The aim of the current study is to explore the prognostic value of BPV on stroke in hypertensive patients. Methods This was a dynamic prospective cohort study based on electronic medical records in Shanghai, China. Hypertensive patients (N = 122,636) without history of stroke at baseline, were followed up from 2005 to 2011. The cohort comprised of 4522 stroke patients and 118,114 non-stroke patients during a mean follow-up duration of 48 months. BPV was measured by standard deviation (SD) and the coefficient of variation (CV) of blood pressure. Results The visit-to-visit variability of both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was independently associated with the occurrence of stroke [SD: the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of SBP and DBP were 1.042 (1.021 to 1.064) and 1.052 (1.040 to 1.065); CV: the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of SBP and DBP were 1.183 (1.010 to 1.356) and 1.151 (1.005 to 1.317), respectively]. The hazard ratio values increased along with an increase of the BPV levels of SBP and DBP. The increment effect remained significant after controlling the blood pressure control status of subjects. Conclusions Increased BPV of both SBP and DBP, independent of the average blood pressure, is a predictor of stroke among community hypertensive patients in real-world clinical practice. The risk of stroke increased along with increased BPV. Stabilizing BPV might be a therapeutic target in hypertension.