The cocaine user: the potential problem patient for rhinoplasty.

The current popularity of cocaine use poses special hazards for the patient and the plastic surgeon during rhinoplasty. It is incumbent upon the surgeon to inquire preoperatively about possible recreational use of cocaine. As the preferred site of cocaine administration, the nasal septal mucosa is exposed to both the intense vasoconstrictive action of cocaine and the irritative effects of numerous contaminating additives. Pathologic changes in the septal mucosa should be recognized by preoperative rhinoscopy and evaluated by biopsy. In this series of 13 patients, fewer than half were properly identified as cocaine users during the preoperative consultation. Preoperative rhinoscopic findings varied from grossly unremarkable septal mucosa to visible perforation and microscopic evidence of granulomas, inflammation, and necrosis. Surgical complications consisted of localized septal collapse, delayed mucosal healing, and inadequate correction of septal deflection. Submucous resection and septoplasty should be avoided in patients with a known history of intranasal cocaine application. Although rhinoplasty can be safely performed in selected patients with a history of cocaine use, it may be extremely limited, unfeasible, or hazardous in those with significant mucosal and cartilaginous impairment as well as in those patients who refuse or are unable to relinquish the drug.