Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N‐fertilization in two temperate forests

氮气 动力学 酶动力学 细胞外 酶分析 化学 农学 人类受精 生物化学 生物 活动站点 有机化学 物理 量子力学
作者
Madeleine M. Stone,Marissa S. Weiss,Christine L. Goodale,Mary Beth Adams,Ivan J. Fernandez,Donovan P. German,Steven D. Allison
出处
期刊:Global Change Biology [Wiley]
卷期号:18 (3): 1173-1184 被引量:239
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02545.x
摘要

Abstract Soil microbes produce extracellular enzymes that degrade carbon ( C )‐containing polymers in soil organic matter. Because extracellular enzyme activities may be sensitive to both increased nitrogen ( N ) and temperature change, we measured the effect of long‐term N addition and short‐term temperature variation on enzyme kinetics in soils from hardwood forests at B ear B rook, M aine, and F ernow F orest, W est V irginia. We determined the V max and K m parameters for five hydrolytic enzymes: α ‐glucosidase, β ‐glucosidase, β ‐xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and N ‐ acetyl‐glucosaminidase. Temperature sensitivities of V max and K m were assessed within soil samples subjected to a range of temperatures. We hypothesized that (1) N additions would cause microbial C limitation, leading to higher enzyme V max values and lower K m values; and (2) both V max and K m would increase at higher temperatures. Finally, we tested whether or not temperature sensitivity of enzyme kinetics is mediated by N addition. Nitrogen addition significantly or marginally significantly increased V max values for all enzymes, particularly at F ernow. Nitrogen fertilization led to significantly lower K m values for all enzymes at B ear B rook, but variable K m responses at F ernow F orest. Both V max and K m were temperature sensitive, with Q 10 values ranging from 1.64–2.27 for enzyme V max and 1.04–1.93 for enzyme K m . No enzyme showed a significant interaction between N and temperature sensitivity for V max , and only β ‐xylosidase showed a significant interaction between N and temperature sensitivity for K m . Our study is the first to experimentally demonstrate a positive relationship between K m and temperature for soil enzymes. Higher temperature sensitivities for V max relative to K m imply that substrate degradation will increase with temperature. In addition, the V max and K m responses to N indicate greater substrate degradation under N addition. Our results suggest that increasing temperatures and N availability in forests of the northeastern US will lead to increased hydrolytic enzyme activity, despite the positive temperature sensitivity of K m .
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