Nanoparticle synthesis, characterization and applications

The chapter provides an overview of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles in diverse fields. Based on constituents, nanoparticles may be categorized as metal nanoparticles, metal compound nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, and metal–organic framework. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods are discussed for the synthesis of various types of nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry. Nanoparticles possess distinctive chemical and physical properties due to their nanoscale size and high surface area. Also, their toughness, reactivity, and other properties depend upon their shape, size, and structure. Due to these unique properties, they are appropriate candidates for several domestic and commercial applications. Nanoparticles find their application in various sectors like agriculture, environmental decontamination, health, energy, and industries.