[Prevalence, patterns and prognosis of multimorbidity among middle-aged and elderly inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Objective: To explore the characteristics, patterns of multimorbidity and the impact on quality of life and the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. From January 2012 to December 2021, 939 middle-aged and elderly COPD patients hospitalized in Beijing Hospital were selected by the convenient sampling method. The basic data of patients and the date of 16 common chronic diseases were collected. Patterns of multimorbidity were depicted by cluster analysis. Generalized linear regression model and logistic regression were used to evaluate the multimorbidity patterns and their prognosis. Results: At least one multimorbidity existed among 93.40% of COPD patients, and the median number of multimorbidity was 3. The top five multimorbidity among the patients were hypertension (57.93%, 544/939), coronary heart disease (33.76%,317/939), heart failure (31.95%,300/939), hyperlipidemia (31.63%,297/939) and arrhythmia (27.37%,257/939). Four multimorbidity patterns were identified, cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity, kidney disease multimorbidity, respiratory-digestive-tumor multimorbidity and other multimorbidity. Cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity was most common (590/939, 62.83%). Compared with non-cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity, the incharge ADL score of patients with this multimorbidity decreased by 7 points (95%CI:-11.22- -3.34), Correspondingly, patients with kidney disease multimorbidity decreased by 14 points (95%CI:-24.12- -3.30) on the incharge score. The presence or absence of kidney disease multimorbidity had the greatest impact on discharge score, which was reduced by 12 points in comparison with patients without this multimorbidity (95%CI:-22.43- -2.40). ICU admission is mostly affected by the presence of cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity (OR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.51-3.92) and kidney disease multimorbidity (OR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.01-6.60). The risk of death is the highest for cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.19-4.21). Conclusion: Multimorbidity is common in COPD patients. The most common pattern is cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity. Cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity and kidney disease multimorbidity significantly affect the quality of life and often associate with a poor prognosis.目的： 探讨中老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD；简称：慢阻肺）患者共病特征、模式及对生活质量和预后的影响。 方法： 本研究为横断面研究，采用便利抽样方法选取2012年1月至2021年12月北京医院诊治的939例中老年慢阻肺住院患者为研究对象，收集患者基本资料、16种常见慢性疾病（简称：慢病）资料。采用聚类分析描述共病模式。广义线性回归模型和logistic回归评估慢病组合对结局的影响。 结果： 93.40%（877/939）的慢阻肺患者至少存在一种共病，中位共病数3种。患病人数前5位的共病是高血压（57.93%，544/939）、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（33.76%，317/939）、心力衰竭（31.95%，300/939）、高脂血症（31.63%，297/939）和心律失常（27.37%，257/939）。共病模式为心脏和代谢疾病模式，肾脏疾病模式，呼吸、消化和恶性肿瘤模式及其他模式4种。心脏和代谢疾病模式共病的比例最高达62.83%（590/939）。患有心脏和代谢疾病模式共病的慢阻肺患者比非心脏和代谢疾病模式共病的患者入院生活能力评分降低7分（95%CI：-11.22~-3.34），肾脏疾病模式共病降低14分（95%CI：-24.12~-3.30）。是否存在肾脏疾病模式共病对出院评分影响最大，患者出院评分降低12分（95%CI：-22.43~-2.40）。是否存在心脏和代谢模式共病（OR=2.44，95%CI：1.51~3.92）及肾病模式共病（OR=2.58，95%CI：1.01~6.60）对住ICU病房影响最大。患有心脏和代谢模式共病的院内死亡风险最高（OR=2.24，95%CI：1.19~4.21）。 结论： 慢阻肺患者共病现象普遍。共病模式以心脏和代谢疾病模式为主，心脏和代谢疾病模式与肾脏疾病模式的共病对慢阻肺患者生活质量和预后影响大。.