Emerging trends in silk fibroin based nanofibers for impaired wound healing

Drug delivery systems based on the silk fibroin (SF) protein have attracted a lot of attention because of the protein's less immunogenicity, ease of sterilizing, processability without chemical crosslinkers, good biocompatibility, less immunogenic, nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and tailorable biodegradability. As a wound-healing agent, SF has also been shown to increase the growth of various cell types essential to the different phases of wound healing. Multiple approaches to developing functional, bioactive wound dressings have been used in recent years, all aiming to take advantage of silk's natural capacity for regeneration. Our goal is to provide an overview of how SF has been utilized to treat distinct wound-healing processes. SF also influences many cell types during the healing process, which we explain in detail. Electrospinning is the most effective method for creating nanofibers that can be used in biomedical applications. There has been a lot of interest in using electrospun nanofibers as medication carriers in recent years. The electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers can also include various functional moieties like bioactive chemicals, live cells, and antibacterial compounds in their functionalized silk matrices to improve their biological activity, which has shown considerable promise in the treatment of wounds that are challenging to heal. Silk nanofiber biomaterials are well-suited for drug delivery and other biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Silk-based electrospun nanofibers in skin regeneration treatments are discussed critically in this paper. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential properties and recent advancements in the use of silk fibroin-based nanofibers for skin wound healing.