Guar gum-based multilayer fiber membranes inspired by plant transpiration for enhancing the functionality of dry facial masks

As more eco-friendly and economical choice for wet facial masks, dry facial masks have always had the problem of cumbersome application process and poor water retention property. In this study, based on the mechanism of directional water transport of Janus membrane and plant transpiration, the hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber layer and the superhydrophilic guar gum (GG) nanofiber layer were prepared on both sides of the silk facial mask (SM) by electrospinning to obtain the guar gum-based bionic Janus directional water transport facial mask (G-DFM). The results showed that the directional water transport function improved the facial mask's water retention by 37 %, and the nicotinamide (NAM) encapsulated in the GG layer gave the facial mask excellent whitening and antibacterial properties. The GG layer could be directed to swell after absorbing water to form the "gel-like", which ensured that the G-DFM could continue to release NAM during its work and would enhance the attachment between the G-DFM and the skin. G-DFM not only retained the advantages of SM but also expanded the functions that SM did not have, providing an idea for designing more practical and ideal facial masks in the future.