Alkali metal ion induced lattice regulation for all climate NASICON-type cathode with superior Na-storage performance

Na-ion batteries have been considered as promising candidates for future energy storage owing to Na availability and high-cost performance. However, their wide application is still hindered by poor rate capabilities, insufficient cycle lifespan and inferior variable-temperature performance. Here, we report an aliovalent-ion induced lattice regulation protocol with Li+, Na+, and K+ replacing V3+, which motivates the generation of electronic defects and expands the Na+ migration pathways. With the partial activation of V4+/V5+ redox, the prepared Na3V1.94K0.06(PO4)3 cathode exhibits capacity of 120.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with remarkable capability (100.5 mAh g−1) and ultralong cycle stability (99.1 % capacity retention over 3000 cycles) at 20 C. Moreover, 96.9 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C for − 30 °C and discharge capacity of 127.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C for 55 °C were achieved for K+-substituted cathode. This work sheds lights on improving Na+ migration kinetics and clarifying the objective law for alkali metal ion doping in Na superionic conductor cathodes for wide-temperature batteries.