Effective degradation of atrazine by spinach-derived biochar via persulfate activation system: Process optimization, mechanism, degradation pathway and application in real wastewater

生物炭 过硫酸盐 阿特拉津 化学 降级(电信) 废水 硝酸盐 矿化(土壤科学) 环境化学 流出物 亚硝酸盐 农药降解 热解 杀虫剂 环境工程 氮气 农学 有机化学 环境科学 催化作用 生物 电信 计算机科学
作者
Ebtesam El‐Bestawy,Mohamed Mohamed Gaber,Hassan Shokry,Mahmoud Samy
出处
期刊:Environmental Research [Elsevier]
卷期号:229: 115987-115987 被引量:28
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115987
摘要

Herein, biochar derived from spinach remnants was prepared for the first-time for the utilization in persulfate (PS) activation to effectively degrade atrazine. Characteristics of the prepared biochar were explored using advanced analyses. Control experiments implied the efficient activation of PS in the presence of the synthesized biochar. The highest degradation of atrazine (99.8%) could be attained at atrazine concentration of 7.2 mg/L, PS concentration of 7.7 mM, biochar dose of 1.88 g/L and reaction time of 120 min. The prepared biochar displayed a high recyclability performance attaining degradation ratios of 98.2, 96.53, 96.4, 92.8 and 88% in five sequential cycles under the optimum conditions. The degradation mechanism was explored showing that sulfate radicals were the prime reactive species in the degradation system. The degradation intermediates were specified, and the degradation pathways were propositioned. The highest REs in agrochemical industrial wastewater reached 80.21 and 83.43% of atrazine and TOC after 2 h. NH3 (348.4 mg/L) was reduced to 168.3 mg/L (RE: 51.7%) while level of NO3 (94.7 mg/L) was increased by 98.8% (188.3 mg/L) in the treated effluent due to oxidation of NH3 to nitrite and then nitrate. Extension of reaction time could contribute to achieving full mineralization of the real wastewater due to the residual PS after 120 min. The effectiveness and low-cost of biochar@PS system as well as its high performance in degrading real wastewater support the efficiency of the prepared biochar to be applied on an industrial scale.
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