Hemoglobin detection in blood samples using a graphene-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor

In the proposed work, the detection of hemoglobin has been carried out using an SPR biosensor. The detection of hemoglobin is necessary because excessive concentration can cause severe disorders like anemia or polycythemia. The proposed device can detect hemoglobin concentration in blood samples. The performance of the proposed biosensor is numerically analyzed using the angle interrogation method. A hemoglobin increment of 6.1025 g/L caused by a refractive index increment of 0.001 in the blood samples in the sensing medium has been detected using an SPR biosensor. The proposed configuration consists of layers of bimetallic silver layers (45 nm and 7 nm), MXene (2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides), graphene, and zinc oxide (ZnO), along with a sensing medium to analyze biomolecule. The MXene, graphene, and ZnO thickness has been taken as 0.998, 0.34, and 2 nm, respectively. The analysis of the proposed sensor has been carried out using the transfer matrix method. The sensitivity attained is 161 deg/RIU with other performance parameters computed: full-width half maximum of 2.37 deg, detection accuracy of 0.4219 deg−1, and figure of merit of 67.93 RIU−1 for two MXene and three graphene layers.