Blood-brain barrier permeable β-blockers association with Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers levels in non-demented individuals

β-blockers that easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) seem to diminish the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), hypothetically facilitating waste clearance. However, their effect on AD pathophysiological markers is unknown. We compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarker levels among non-demented individuals taking low, intermediate, or high BBB permeable β-blockers in two samples (ADNI: n = 216; EPAD: n = 79). We found that CSF amyloid-β levels were higher in individuals taking highly permeable β-blockers in the ADNI sample. This result was not replicated in EPAD, in which diminished levels of pTau181 and tTau were observed. These data suggest that β-blockers may impact AD pathophysiology.