Oxidative stability, quality, and bioactive compounds of oils obtained by ultrasound and microwave-assisted oil extraction

Vegetable oils are extracted from oilseeds, fruits and other parts of plants. The method used in oil extraction is of great importance, as it affects both the quality of the final product and the environment. It is desirable that the extraction method be minimally costly, fast, environmentally friendly, and produce oil of high quality and quantity. Common oil extraction methods are mechanical pressing and solvent extraction, and these methods have advantages and disadvantages over each other. Mechanical extraction and solvent extraction are controversial due to poor product quality and high environmental impacts. This review presents applications where conventional oil extraction processes are assisted by microwave or ultrasound. It is necessary to evaluate the impact of ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction on the quality of the extracted oil and also to compare the results with those of conventional extraction methods. For this purpose, this review discusses the effects of microwave and ultrasound-assisted extraction on the physicochemical, oxidation indices, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties of oil extracted from oil seeds and fruits. Furthermore, this review provides readers with in-depth information on the mechanisms involved, their use, and the impact of operating conditions. The yield and quality of the oil obtained by these processes can vary depending on parameters such as microwave power, ultrasound power, processing time, and temperature. Finally, the review also discusses the challenges and advantages of the industrial application of these technologies.