In this paper, an equivalent circuit modeling method of photodetector is proposed, and the equivalent circuit model of quantum dots photodetector is established. Experimental results show that the simulation curves and parameters agree very well with the measured results. The 10 picowatts power focused laser is readout based on readout circuits and low light level detection system at 77 K temperature. The 7 mV response voltage is achievable under 29 μs integration time and −3.1 V bias voltage. The voltage responsivity has reached 7 × 108 V/W.